PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI DAN BREASTFEEDING TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR BILIRUBIN PADA NEONATUS DENGAN HIPERBILIRUBINEMIA
Abstract
Bayi baru lahir memiliki risiko mengalami hiperbilirubinemia yang terjadi pada sekitar 80% bayi prematur dan 60 % pada bayi aterm selama minggu pertama setelah kelahiran, yang disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar bilirubin dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pijat bayi dan breastfeeding terhadap penurunan kadar bilirubin pada neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia. Jenis penelitian desain Quasi Eksperimental dengan rancangan Non-Equivalent Control Group. Sampel dalam penelitian ini neonatus hiperbilirubinemia yang menerima fototerapi sebanyak 70 bayi dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Bayi yang mendapatkan pijat dan breastfeeding (Kelompok I), bayi yang mendapat pijat dan susu formula (Kelompok II), bayi yang hanya mendapat breastfeeding (Kelompok III) dan bayi yang hanya mendapat susu formula (Kelompok IV). Pemberian intervensi dilakukan selama 3 hari/sampel. Analisis data menggunakan uji Paired T Test dan uji Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada perbedaan kadar bilirubin antara keempat kelompok setelah intervensi dengan p value 0,000<0,05. Setelah intervensi diperoleh rata-rata penurunan kadar bilirubin pada kelompok pijat+breastfeeding sebesar 7.82 mg/dl, kelompok pijat+susu formula sebesar 9.22 mg/dl, kelompok breastfeeding sebesar 14.68 mg/dl dan kelompok susu formula sebesar 13.69 mg/dl. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok yang diberikan pemijatan lebih efektif menurunkan kadar bilirubin dibandingkan hanya diberikan breastfeeding atau susu formula. Pijat bayi bisa membantu mengurangi kadar bilirubin dengan meningkatkan frekuensi defekasi pada neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia yang menerima fototerapi.
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